前言

我的网站证书三个月更新一次.由于懒癌, 现在连证书都不想手动部署了, 于是决定写一个脚本配合 acme 自动更新我的网站证书

本文默认读者会使用acme签发域名证书, 环境为已经签发了一次证书后的linux服务器.

证书关联与需求分析

我有两个域名

一个域名证书在七牛云cdn上会用到

另一个域名在nginx上会使用到

于是流程分为
1.acme签发证书
2.七牛云上传证书
3.七牛云部署证书
4.将证书存储到nginx配置文件指定的ssl证书位置
5.nginx重启

七牛云自动部署

根据官方文档需要接口
七牛云证书上传api

七牛云证书修改api

这里我考虑的是运用七牛云官方python sdk一部分.官方sdk不支持这两个功能,需要手动获取token后调用接口

这里可以看七牛云官方python sdk的源码, auth部分, 位于lib/sites-packages/qiniu/auth.py

~~先配置虚拟环境然后安装应该就不用我说了~~

python -m venv .venv && .venv/bin/pip install qiniu

关键代码如下

class Auth(object):
    """七牛安全机制类

    该类主要内容是七牛上传凭证、下载凭证、管理凭证三种凭证的签名接口的实现，以及回调验证。

    Attributes:
        __access_key: 账号密钥对中的accessKey，详见 https://portal.qiniu.com/user/key
        __secret_key: 账号密钥对重的secretKey，详见 https://portal.qiniu.com/user/key
    """

    def __init__(self, access_key, secret_key, disable_qiniu_timestamp_signature=None):
        """初始化Auth类"""
        self.__checkKey(access_key, secret_key)
        self.__access_key = access_key
        self.__secret_key = b(secret_key)
        self.disable_qiniu_timestamp_signature = disable_qiniu_timestamp_signature

    def get_access_key(self):
        return self.__access_key

    def get_secret_key(self):
        return self.__secret_key

    def __token(self, data):
        data = b(data)
        hashed = hmac.new(self.__secret_key, data, sha1)
        return urlsafe_base64_encode(hashed.digest())

    def token(self, data):
        return '{0}:{1}'.format(self.__access_key, self.__token(data))

    def token_of_request(self, url, body=None, content_type=None):
        """带请求体的签名（本质上是管理凭证的签名）

        Args:
            url:          待签名请求的url
            body:         待签名请求的body
            content_type: 待签名请求的body的Content-Type

        Returns:
            管理凭证
        """
        parsed_url = urlparse(url)
        query = parsed_url.query
        path = parsed_url.path
        data = path
        if query != '':
            data = ''.join([data, '?', query])
        data = ''.join([data, "\n"])

        if body:
            mimes = [
                'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
            ]
            if content_type in mimes:
                data += body

        return '{0}:{1}'.format(self.__access_key, self.__token(data))

那么获取token的示例就是

from qiniu import Auth
import requests
AccessKey = "your_access_key"
SecretKey = "your_access_secret_key"
q = Auth(access_key=AccessKey, secret_key=SecretKey)
def uploadCert(key, crt):
    host = "api.qiniu.com"
    method = "POST"

    data = {
        "name": str(uuid.uuid1()),
        "common_name": "*.voidval.com",
        "pri": key,
        "ca": crt
    }

    header = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    path = "/sslcert"
    url = f"https://{host}{path}"
    token = q.token_of_request(url=url, body=data, content_type="application/json")
    header['Authorization'] = f"QBox {token}"
    resp = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=header, verify=False)
    print(resp.json())
    return resp.json()['certID']

同理写出刷新域名证书代码即可

完整代码如下

# @Time    : 2024/12/12 13:59
# @Author  : TwoOnefour
# @File    : refreshcert.py
import hmac
import hashlib
import base64
import json
import requests
import uuid
import urllib.parse

import urllib3
from qiniu import Auth
AccessKey = "xxxxx"
SecretKey = "xxxxxx"
q = Auth(access_key=AccessKey, secret_key=SecretKey)

urllib3.disable_warnings()
def uploadCert(key, crt):
    host = "api.qiniu.com"
    method = "POST"

    data = {
        "name": str(uuid.uuid1()),
        "common_name": "*.pursuecode.cn",
        "pri": key,
        "ca": crt
    }

    header = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    path = "/sslcert"
    url = f"https://{host}{path}"
    # token = getAuthToken(method=method, path=path, body=data, header=header, host=host)

    token = q.token_of_request(url=url, body=data, content_type="application/json")
    header['Authorization'] = f"QBox {token}"
    resp = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=header, verify=False)
    print(resp.json())
    return resp.json()['certID']

def setcert(CertID):
    host = "api.qiniu.com"
    method = "PUT"
    header = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }

    domains = [
        "www.example.com",
        "bucket.example.com"
    ]

    paths = [
        f"/domain/{domain}/httpsconf" for domain in domains
    ]

    data = {
        "certId": CertID,
        "forceHttps": True,
        "http2Enable": True
    }
    for path in paths:
        url = f"https://{host}{path}"
        token = q.token_of_request(url=url, body=data, content_type="application/json")
        header['Authorization'] = f"QBox {token}"
        resp = requests.put(url, headers=header, json=data, verify=False)
        print(resp.json())

if __name__ == "__main__":
    cer = None
    key = None
    with open(r"/root/.acme.sh/*.example.com/fullchain.cer") as f:
        cer = f.read().strip()
    with open(r"/root/.acme.sh/*.example.com/_.example.com.key") as f:
        key = f.read().strip()
    certid = uploadCert(crt=cer, key=key)
    setcert(certid)

这里后面open语句填acme生成得到的证书路径,将此python路径记住备用,我这里是/root/qiniu/refreshcert.py

acme签发证书

如果你已经运行过一次acme且成功签发证书,在证书签发的文件夹可以找到*.example.com.conf这个配置

example.com.conf配置

这里主要是看Le_reloadCmd和Le_realKeyPath

Le_reloadCmd 是在执行完acme签发证书命令后会执行的命令, 这里是经过base64编码的, 格式如下
__ACME_BASE64__START_base64(cmd_plain_string)__ACME_BASE64__END_
也就是说要将命令经过一次base64编码
例如我的需求是systemctl restart nginx
将他编码为base64后就是
c3lzdGVtY3RsIHJlc3RhcnQgeHJheSYmc3lzdGVtY3RsIHJlc3RhcnQgbmdpbng=
一整串就是
__ACME_BASE64__START_c3lzdGVtY3RsIHJlc3RhcnQgeHJheSYmc3lzdGVtY3RsIHJlc3RhcnQgbmdpbng=__ACME_BASE64__END_
Le_realKeyPath 是acme签发证书的文件位置